Where And Why Are Flights Banned?
Updated: 12:21pm UK, Tuesday 29 July 2014
The shooting down of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 has increased debate about whether aircraft should be allowed to fly over battlegrounds.
As aviation industry chiefs from around the world meet in Montreal to discuss how to avoid a repeat of the disaster, Sky News looks at where no-fly zones exist and why they were introduced.
:: Ukraine
All aircraft are banned from the part of Ukrainian airspace immediately over Donetsk, unless the pilot has been given special permission.
The shooting down of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 indicates "the potential for continued hazardous activities", the Federal Aviation Authority warns.
Pilots who are forced to fly over Donetsk because of an emergency must explain why they took the route they did within 10 days.
:: North Korea
All aircraft are banned from flying over North Korea, unless the pilot has been given special permission.
In its latest advice to pilots, the Federal Aviation Authority says: "North Korea has a history of launching short-range and medium-range ballistic missiles with no warning."
Pilots who are forced to fly over North Korea because of an emergency must explain why they took the route they did within 10 days.
:: Iraq
All US aircraft must fly at a height of 18,000ft (5,486m) or above over Iraq, unless the pilot has been given special permission.
The Federal Aviation Authority says heightened tensions and instability in the country "have increased the threat to civil aircraft" and warns the Iraqi military has a "wide range of sophisticated weapons", including surface-to-air missiles, which could be used to attack planes.
Pilots who are forced to fly over Iraq because of an emergency must explain why they took the route they did within 10 days.
:: Libya
All US aircraft are banned from the area of airspace known as the Tripoli Flight Information Region (FIR), which covers Libya, as well as sections of Niger and Chad, unless the pilot has been given special permission.
The Federal Aviation Authority has "safety and national security concerns" regarding flights in the area and warns airports may be damaged and navigation systems unavailable.
It also says the "proliferation of air defence weapons ... and the presence of military operations, including aerial bombardments and unplanned flights" pose a potential hazard.
Pilots who are forced to fly through the Tripoli FIR because of an emergency must tell the FAA why they took the route they did.
:: Ethiopia
All US aircraft are banned from flying over Ethiopia and the region of airspace immediately to the north, unless the pilot has been given special permission.
Aircraft which cross into Ethiopian airspace while taking off or landing at Mandera, Kenya, "may be fired upon by Ethiopian forces", according to the Federal Aviation Authority.
"Operators considering flights to northeastern Kenya should familiarise themselves with the current situation," it adds.
Pilots who are forced to fly over Ethiopia because of an emergency must explain why they took the route they did within 10 days.
:: Somalia
All US aircraft must fly at a height of 18,000ft (5,486m) or above over Somalia, unless the pilot has been given special permission from the Federal Aviation Authority.
Flights above 18,000ft are allowed only with the permission of Somali authorities.
Pilots who are forced to fly over Somalia because of an emergency must explain why they took the route they did within 10 days.
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