Timeline: US Under Fire Over Spying Claims
Updated: 12:03pm UK, Monday 28 October 2013
Anger in Europe and elsewhere has been mounting over US spying operations amid a flow of revelations by whistleblower Edward Snowden. Here is a timeline of events:
:: June 7, 2013: Revelations by Edward Snowden, a former National Security Agency (NSA) contractor, uncover widespread spying operations by the US government, including the Prism programme.
:: June 10, 2013: Controversy over Snowden's decision to seek refuge in Hong Kong overshadows talks between Chinese leader Xi Jinping and President Barack Obama at the California desert.
:: June 12, 2013: The NSA defends the operations, saying they thwarted dozens of attacks.
:: June 19, 2013: Mr Obama gives a historic speech at the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, but the surveillance controversy follows him and he has to defend Prism saying the US is not "rifling through Germans' emails".
:: July 20, 2013: Several hundred people stage a protest at a suspected American surveillance facility near Frankfurt in Germany.
:: August 02, 2013: Snowden is granted a year's asylum in Russia after more than a month inside an airport terminal in Moscow.
:: August 7, 2013: Mr Obama cancels bilateral talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin after Russia's decision to grant temporary asylum to Snowden.
:: September 18, 2013: Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff cancels a visit to the US amid claims her emails and telephone calls were intercepted by the NSA.
:: October 21, 2013: France summons the US ambassador in Paris after French newspaper Le Monde reported the NSA had swept up 70.3 million French telephone records in a 30-day period. French President Francois Hollande speaks to Mr Obama over the claims.
:: October 23, 2013: Italian Prime Minister Enrico Letta raises the topic of spying during talks with Secretary of State John Kerry, after Italian newspapers reported that a parliamentary committee was told the US had intercepted phone calls, emails and text messages of Italians.
:: October 24, 2013: Germany summons the US ambassador in Berlin over claims that the US carried out surveillance on German Chancellor Angela Merkel's mobile phone. The issue of personal data protection is on the agenda of a European Union summit.
::October 25, 2013: Germany and France demand talks with the US by the end of the year to restore trust in the wake of the controversy. The call is backed by British Prime Minister David Cameron.
:: October 27, 2013: The German newspaper Bild am Sonntag reports that Mr Obama knew in 2010 that his intelligence service was eavesdropping on Ms Merkel's phone. The report also says Mr Obama personally authorised the operation.
:: October 28, 2013: The Spanish newspaper El Mundo reports that the NSA spied on more than 60 million phone calls in Spain between December 10, 2012, and January 8, 2013. Italian media report that some 46 million phone calls were spied on by the NSA in the same period.
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