Al Shabaab Behind String Of Attacks
Updated: 8:12am UK, Sunday 22 September 2013
The Somali militant group al Shabaab, which has claimed responsibility for the attack on a shopping mall in Nairobi, is behind a string of terrorist atrocities across eastern Africa.
Formed in 2006, the al Qaeda-linked group can trace its roots to the Islamic Courts Union that once ran the Somali capital, Mogadishu.
It was eventually driven out of the city by African Union troops from Uganda and Burundi, who were later joined by soldiers from Kenya.
Al Shabaab uses guerrilla tactics to battle the Somali government and the troops brought in to maintain security.
It has attracted hundreds of foreign fighters, including some Britons.
Samantha Lewthwaite, from Buckinghamshire, the so-called "white widow" of 7/7 bomber Germaine Lindsay, is thought to have links to the group.
She has been on the run since Christmas 2011, when police foiled a plot to bomb buildings used by Western tourists in Mombassa.
Although al Shabaab has lost control of key towns and cities it once controlled, the group still claims vast swathes of rural Somalia, including land near the Kenyan border.
It has claimed responsibility for several deadly suicide bombings, including one in February 2009 which killed 11 Burundian soldiers on an African peacekeeping mission.
It carried out its first international attack in July 2010, killing at least 74 people in a bomb blast in the Ugandan capital Kampala, before gaining global notoriety by blocking aid from Western relief agencies during the 2011 famine in Somalia.
According to the US National Counterterrorism Centre, the group is also behind the assassinations of peace activists, aid workers, community leaders and journalists.
It was designated as a foreign terrorist organisation by the US government in February 2008.
Al Shabaab, whose name means "the youth" in Arabic, had threatened to strike Nairobi before.
In a message posted on Twitter, it said it had repeatedly warned the Kenyan government that failure to remove its forces from Somalia "would have severe consequences".
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